Shoulder pain is an affliction of many modern athletes. Swimming
is no exception. Swimming typically involves a fair amount of freestyle
swimming stroke. It has been said that high level competitive swimmers
will have as many as 16,000 arm rotations a week. This activity of
forward movement in the shoulder and the repetitive fashion does cause
significant strain on the shoulder. Swimming coaches and swimmers will
know frequent episodes of anterior and superior shoulder pain, both during the
swimming and as the process worsens throughout the day.
What is going on here? Firstly, swimming, an excellent form of
exercise and a very popular competitive sport, has to some degree some
possibility for over use of the shoulder. Over use is defined as using a
body part in a repetitive way beyond which it was designed. This stress
can, at times, lead to impingement upon the superspinatus tendon, therefore,
setting off a cascade that leads to full blown rotator cuff tendonitis.
This condition causes significant shoulder pain. It more frequently
limits a swimmer’s training schedule due to shoulder pain.
How are swimmers able to prevent shoulder pain caused by swimmer’s
shoulder? A few things are very helpful in understanding the
anatomy of the rotator cuff. Firstly, the superspinatus is only one of
four muscles comprising the rotator cuff. It also is the muscle that is
most stressed and at times the one most warn down by repetitive use of free
stroke swimming. Swimmers need to understand that there are three other
muscles of the rotator cuff that need to be strengthened. Trying to
balance out the amount of freestyle with at least increasing the amount of backstrokes
when swimming will relatively strengthen some of the other three muscles,
particular the infraspinatus. Additionally, I typically recommend that
swimmers include a very slightly weighted jump rope at the end or beginning of
their swimming workout. The jump rope by keeping the arms low and
particularly when used in a very rapid fashion will strengthen the other three
muscles of the rotator cuff. This allows for balance within the very
complex shoulder joint and specifically the structure of the rotator
cuff. This will go a long way towards helping prevent swimmer’s
shoulder. Specifically, I typically recommend the blue jump rope put out
by Lifeline Fitness. It’s called a speed/workout jump
rope.
Problems with shoulders are common with both high level and low level
competitive and fitness swimming. It is important to address this problem
early. It is important to understand that the shoulder needs balance in
its strength. Again, I recommend to my swimmers that they employ usually
some increase backstroke and again I recommend using a weighted jump rope for
ten minutes of jumping rope at the beginning or end of their practice.
This will hopefully prevent shoulder pain, shoulder disease, and allow people
to enjoy the rather incredible and unique sport of swimming which I uniformly
recommend as an excellent form of low impact exercise.
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